Sociology Sexual Objectification of Women in Music Videos...

The Research Problem This study works to examine the use of sexual objectification of women in music videos today. The primary purpose was to examine the differences between genres, specifically hip-hop and country. I tested the following; Women are more likely to be sexualized in hip-hop music videos than in country music videos. Literature Review Since the explosion of music videos in 1981, a large portion of their popularity has been due to the objectification of women and their sexuality. â€Å"Early content analyses showed that anywhere from 40% to 75% of music videos contained sexual imagery†(Arnett, 2002). Hip-hop music videos especially have a reputation of degrading women. In these videos â€Å"women are often depicted in positions†¦show more content†¦Videos not containing a female were accounted for and removed from the sample pool, leaving a total of 50 (25 hip-hop, 25 country) videos used for the final analysis. Data Collection Sexual objection and non-sexual objectification were mainly measured in body exposure and body movements. The different areas of a woman’s body being displayed were used to operationalize the idea of sexual objectification. Similarly, camera angles such as panning down bodies and shots down shirts were tallied to create a solid definition of â€Å"sexualizing† for the purpose of this research. (see Appendix A and B) Each video was watched twice, to ensure that no characteristics were missed. Videos were analyzed through the use of sexual characteristics and non-sexual characteristics tally sheets. When a specific characteristic was present it would only be marked down once per video. Because the focus of this research was on sexualization of women, only females were identified and coded. Justification of Research Method The strategy of secondary analysis was chosen for this research because it is cheap and timely in comparison to other forms of research. Using data collected by other reliable sources increases the validity of secondary data analysis research. Findings Data Analysis from the 50 music video sample showed that hip-hip music videos sexually objectified women more in comparison to country music videos. Accumulated data results, as shown in the 2x2Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Hip Hop Music On Adolescents862 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Hip-Hop Music on Adolescents Music is a significant part of the lives of most people all over the world. In the United States, people listen to more than 25 hours each week [1]. Hip-hop makes up a large percentage of adolescent music genre preference. It goes without saying that this overwhelming presence of music in the lives of so many people will have a psychological effect on American culture and our way of life. But how exactly is Hip Hop affecting us psychologically and culturallyRead MoreCharacteristics that Defines What or Who a Monority is2202 Words   |  9 Pagespeople based off of race, religion or ethnicity. The following hopes to define and explain that due to the sensitive development of a young country, being a minority has expanded and now includes persons based off of gender, sexual orientation and affiliation. In America today, where being politically incorrect is almost a crime in itself, it is important to clarify the meaning of the terminology used to define a subject or group of people. W e will seek to express what it means to be a minority fromRead MoreEssay on Gender Inequalities: Improving or Deteriorating?976 Words   |  4 Pagesthings have socially improved or deteriorated. Before looking into the concepts of gender inequalities, we must first explore gender itself which is the division into two groups - men and women. ‘Society shows us that gender is a system that privileges some men and disadvantages most women’ (Davis, K. 2006) In sociological terms, it has been pointed out that: ‘gender is a key factor that shapes social behaviour and social institutions.’ and ‘gender is ‘understood culturally and theoretically

The HRM of Lois Cosmetics Nigeria Ltd Free Essays

The Human Resource function within each organisation varies and unique to the attainment of its corporate goal. The quality of workers an organisation employed determines whether the organisation will attain its goal faster, as one with poor quality of worker is tend will pass through difficulties as its worker force is a threat to achievement of the goal. To ensure that ideal candidates are employed, an organisation has to carry out job analysis and job description in order to ensure that an ideal candidate is employed for a particular job. We will write a custom essay sample on The HRM of Lois Cosmetics Nigeria Ltd or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is need to ensure that its work force is constantly giving training and re-training to improve individual, group and organisational performance. This will equally increase productivity, quality, reliability flexibility and safety and reduce cost and waste. However, the issues of remuneration cannot be left out to ensure workers give their best to the growth of the company. We will look at Lois Cosmetics Nigeria Ltd to see how its human resources are being treated and their contribution to the growth of the company. INTRODUCTIONThe company in focus is: Lois Cosmetic Nigeria Limited, a subsidiary of Fansco International Limited. Lois Cosmetics Nigeria Limited is duly registered under Section 22 of Companies And Allied Matters Acts (CAMA) of 1990 as a Private Company with the Corporate Affairs Commission, the Nigerian agency that in-charge of registration of companies. The company’s address with which it was registered is No 9 Odudu Close Agric. Ojo, Lagos Nigeria. The company sole business activity is the production of wide range of Lois cosmetics products like soaps, detergents and creams.The company has 5 Directors and they are as follows. Mr. Homs Ezeani has 45 percent of the shares of the company. He is also the Chairman of the Board of Directors. Engr. Stephen Ezeokana has 20 percent of the shares of the company and he is equally the Production Manager of the company. Mrs Victoria Ezeani has 15 percent of the shares of the company. She is the wife of the Chairman of the company. Mr. Barry and miss Vivian Ezeani have 10 percent of the shares of the company of the company respectively and they are the children of the chairman of Board of theDirector. Lois Cosmetics Organisational Chart THE COMPANY MISSION The company’s main mission for being in business is to serve its esteemed customers with good quality products as obtainable elsewhere in the world at a lesser cost and return reasonable margin as a profit to the owners. The Problem According to my survey and research, at present the company have are various Human resources issues which are binding them in achieving required goals. They are as follows: ? †¢Poor job description Recruitment and Selection †¢Training †¢Remuneration The organisation problems can be illustrated by the use of Fishbone Diagram The Fishbone diagram; is used to identify and list all the factors that ar e conditioning the problemat hand †¢This is primarily a group problem analysis technique, but can be used by individuals as well †¢The process is called Fishbone Analysis because of the way in which the information gathered is arranged visually – like the skeleton When would you use it? Usually in the Mobilise stage of the process to identify scale and scope of issues and problem areas but also useful in the Discover stage of the change process following Fishbone diagram will help the firm to understand main issues in the firm which are to be taken care of. With the help of diagram we can find that the firm is going through Human resource problems such as 1Poor Job Description: There is no clarification of duties and responsibilities in the company which resulted in: ?There was Responsibilities to organization. That is, how jobs is expected to contribute to the overall success of the organization ? No clear Statement of qualifications. That is, the skills needed to successfully perform jobs, and the educational background and the previous experiences that are most likely to have helped a candidate develop these skills ? No attitudinal to organisation. Describes some of the key attitudes for success in the organizational culture as well as in this particular job. Poor Recruitment Selection: The firm is going through problem of recruitment and selection of workers because of the following reasons. ? There is no defined procedures for the exercise ?There is no proper clarification of job in the organisation ? There selection is based on favouritism not on merit ?Unqualified Human Resources personnel’s 3Poor training and retraining of workers The company waste a lot of resources on the part of its workers mainly because of the following reasons, ? Unqualified workers without constant retraining ?Constant health hazardous incidents Poor output 4Poor remunerations of workers; The poor remunerations of workers had instead of contributing to the financial growth of the company because of small spending on workers remunerations had resulted to: ? Constant fraud by the workers ?Neglecting of duty ?Absenteeism Improvement Measures. The internal culture of a company is seen to be a factor affecting the receptiveness of its staff to the general performance of the company. There should be proper description of duty and responsibilities. A job title generally provides the following information: ?Job title. Level. If the organization has a hierarchy of jobs, the level indicates where the job fits into that hierarchy. If the organization does not, the level provides a general indication of whether the worker is a novice in the job, has some experience, or will be considered a leader in the job area. ?Key tasks that the worker will perform. Some organizations suggest percentages of time spent on these key tasks. ?Responsibilities to organization. That is, how this job is expected to contribute to the overall success of the organization. ?Statement of qualifications.These describe the skills needed to successfully perform this job, and the educational background and the previous experiences that are most likely to have helped a candidate develop these skills. ?Attitudes. Describes some of the key attitudes for success in the organizational culture as well as in this particular job. Its staff as this improves individual, group and organisational performance. This will equally increase productivity, quality, reliability flexibility and safety and reduce cost and waste. ?The company should improve on the training of its staff as this improves individual, group and organisational performance.This will equally increase productivity, quality, reliability flexibility and safety and reduce cost and waste. ?Remuneration package; is more than pay and includes employee benefits as well as job content. This need to be competitive with that offered by firms in the same labour market, implying that periodic comparisons are made with other firms and ought to be flexible in that they can be adjusted to the different needs of different employee CONCLUSION The role of Human Resources in an organisation cannot be emphasised. The success or failure of an organisation depends squarely on this.It’s important this company under review see it as very important organisational issues to development its human capital which will be a catalyst to it’ s goal attainment. This it can do by ensuring that only ideal candidate are selected for jobs and that there must be a well designed organisational structure and well mapped out job description to work as to improve its workers sense of responsibility, there is equally need for regular training and retraining of the workers which will equally contribute to minimisation of cost and waste.However, as i have said in my recommendation that there is need before a better remuneration for the workers which can come in different forms depending on the workers needs. When all these are well put together, the company will very competitive in the industry. TABLE OF CONTENT 1Introduction 2Background 3Organisational Chart 4The Fishbone diagram for problem analysis 5Improvement measures 6Conclusion——– How to cite The HRM of Lois Cosmetics Nigeria Ltd, Papers

To Teacher With Love free essay sample

Dear Mrs. XXX, You are the best teacher ever! During Year Two, it was fun when you gave us mealworms to study (although it was disgusting when you told us that people really crunch them!!!!). It was also fun when you taught us loads of experiments like experimenting with mealworms’ senses when we got a mealworm and put it on the edge of a ruler. I also liked it when after I sent you my first novel – Life or Death, and you said you were a bit â€Å"squeamish† that is a common reply to my novel. I love writing bloody stories because I just like it. I was not surprised you said my stories were â€Å"cruel†. But actually, I don’t really like watching movies with torture, burning people alive, etc. I also have to thank you for appreciating my second novel History Hunters: The Pirate of the Power Staff, and saying that it is wonderful and appreciating Angel for having only superficial wounds and quick healing capabilities. We will write a custom essay sample on To Teacher With Love or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When we were Year Three, I loved when we went and made crystals with Potassium Aluminum Sulphate and rocks and warm water. I was so excited when we managed to really make crystals. You are a caring teacher because you let me go on â€Å"holiday† time after time. It helps me to work in a way I can’t explain. And you also let me ask at least 2,000 questions which is very good because I will ask even more questions until I reach a question you can’t answer (Ha Ha!!!!!). I always like talking for hours on the phone, and it was really good when I was in the hospital and you called. It really cheered me up. You are also very, very brave because during camp, I remembered that you said you were on a raft made by the class when you were swept out to sea with no hope of going back. Then, when a motor boat rescued you, you saw Mr. P swimming badly in the raging sea with the boat going away. You risked your life rescuing him, but found out that he was faking it. It was a very brave feat because you could be swept even further, say, one nautical mile away from shore and I don’t have to tell you what happens next (luckily you are a strong swimmer)! You are also an excellent teacher because you borrowed microscopes from the secondary school and gave them to us so we could see mint leaves and onion skin close up. Since the class will be moving up to Year Four soon, it will be great if you will conduct even more experiments including microscopes with us so we can spend the rest of Year Three happily. I hope that the Board will promote you to be a teacher of Year Four with me in your class. If they don’t promote you, I’ll rough them up until they do!!! Love from YYY

buy custom Advance Accounting Research Case essay

buy custom Advance Accounting Research Case essay One of the codes of practice that are to be met by companies listed in the New York Stock Exchange is to prepare their financial statements based on the United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principle (US GAAP). Notably, the companies listed in the New York Stock Exchange include foreign and non-foreigners corporations that trade their shares. As it is recommended for all companies to produce financial statements that will give appropriate information to the stakeholders with interest in the company. As there is need information in order for shareholders, invest in locally and internationally owned companies it is critical to regulate the financial reporting standards in order to enhance uniformity in application of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. The United States Securities and Exchange Commission oversees the companies adherence to reporting their financial statements under the US GAAP. For this reason, foreign companies have to oblige to the regulations by reconci ling their financial statements into the US GAAP. Sony Corporation is an international company that manufactures electronic goods and trades its shares in the New York Stock Exchange although it is a Japan based corporation. Sony Corporation is international companies with its subsidiaries based in Japan maintaining their records besides preparing their financial statement in accordance with Japan GAAP. On the contrary, the foreign subsidiaries of Sony Corporation maintain their records and prepare the financial statements with conformity to its domicile country GAAP. In order to come up with uniformity, certain adjustments and reclassifications have to be incorporated with regards to the consolidated financial statements such that they can conform to the US GAAP. This, however, does not include all the details in the financial statements as there are certain disclosures that are omitted from complying with the United States GAAP. The main reason behind the conversion is to ensure uniformity and consistency while giving final report s of the holding company f Sony Corporation. Japanese GAAP applies to most of Sonys subsidiaries in Japan in a different form as that used by the holding company as it applies the United States GAAP that is totally different in their rules and regulations in maintenance and preparation of financial statements. Differences in the Japan GAAP and US GAAP in Net Income Measure The difference in the net income of a financial statement maintained and prepared using the United States GAAP, and Japanese GAAP is brought about by the way the items found in the books of accounts are accounted for respectively. The books of accounts that are prepared at the end of the year give the final report through the cash flow statement, balance sheet beside the profit and loss account. Major difference arises in terms of accounting for the subsidiaries in the consolidated financial statement where according to Japanese GAAP, it is based on the control that the company has over its subsidiaries. On the other hand, the US GAAP recognizes the subsidiaries while preparing the consolidated financial statement depending on the majority voting interest by shareholders. Besides, the convertible bonds value differs when accounted for under the US GAAP and the Japanese GAAP. This is because Japanese GAAP converts changes in market bonds as net unrealized gains or losses under the net assets in the balance sheet whereas the change in market value in the US GAAP is reflected under the income statement. Accounting treatment of new policies under the Japanese GAAP is charged to the costs as soon as it is incurred unlike US GAAP where the insurance acquisition cost is amortized in order to be evenly distributed. Treatment of the actuarial gains or losses in retirement benefits according to Japanese GAAP amortizes the whole amount without a corridor unlike US GAAP that applies the corridor of amortization based on the value of the retirement benefit. Treatment of goodwill as the Japanese GAAP advocates for strict amortization with impairment whhereas the US GAAP advocates for impairment only and not aromatization. Where there is pooling of interest in business combinations the US GAAP uses purchase method while the Japanese GAAP ensures that it is exceptionally used when strict criteria have been met. Another difference arises in the measure of impairment of assets whereby Japanese GAAP takes the higher value between the net selling value and the value in use in order to determine the recoverable amount. On the other hand, US GAAP gives the measure of impairment of assets in terms of the fair value. Companys Profitability in Japan GAAP and US GAAP Companys profitability differs when US GAAP or the Japanese GAAP is applied when preparing the financial statements. Significantly, the difference extremely comes about due to the different currencies used in different countries. Whereas Sony subsidiaries use Japanese Yens, while maintaining and preparing the financial statements, an increase in the Yen value leads to lower profits as Sony Corporation reports low sales considerably. On the contrary, when compared to the use of US GAAP the translation of the values from Japanese Yen into the United States dollar in order to have uniformity is marked by differences in the exchange rates. As a result, of unfavorable exchange rates, Sony Corporation operations report an increase in the operating loss. In the long run, lower profitability levels led to, lower dividend returns and poor profitability performance of the Sony Corporation in the New York Securities Exchange as it trades its share to investors. However, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission has overseen that the use of US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles is not favorable they stipulate for the use of the Internationally Financial Reporting standards reinforcement by 2015. As a result, there will be uniformity in the application of accounting standards as most countries just like the Japan GAAP oversee its regulation adherence to the IFRS. Buy custom Advance Accounting Research Case essay

9 Reasons You Might Be Failing at Your Careerâ€And How to Fix It

9 Reasons You Might Be Failing at Your Career- And How to Fix It The time has come to talk about the â€Å"F† word. (No, not that â€Å"F† word.) Failure. No matter who you are or what you do, that word usually has the power to strike fear. If you suspect you’re already failing in your life (for example, you’re not where you thought you would be at this point, or you’ve experienced setbacks), that can be incredibly intimidating. It may keep you from shaking off bad habits and picking up new ones that would get you in a better place. This is especially true in your career. It can be super easy to fall into an inertia bubble and then find yourself shrugging helplessly when you know it’s time to get out. Let’s look at some of the reasons you might think you’re failing at your professional life, and what you can do about them.1. You feel helpless to make changes.This is one I struggle with all. the. time. You may not think you’re helpless per se, but maybe you just feel overwhelmed by dail y minutiae, and you feel like staying afloat is all you can accomplish. If you’re managing only what comes your way, you’re troubleshooting rather than improving.What to do about it: Realize that you do have a say in your daily life, even at work where things might seem very regimented or non-negotiable. If you want to take more agency and control in your life, it starts with you. Learn to advocate for yourself, and negotiate what you want. You’d be surprised at what you can get if you learn to ask for it in the right way.2. You’re too busy blaming other people.I’d be much further along if Susan weren’t getting all the attention and good projects at work. I’d be making more money if Frank paid more attention to what I’m doing. I’d have a better job if it weren’t for my cat/my parents/my therapist.What to do about it: You do you. Your career is yours, and yours alone. This means that ultimately, your decisions are your responsibility- not your cat’s, your parents’, or your therapist’s. It’s time to stop blaming, and instead start thinking about what it would take for you to get what you want: that raise, the good projects, the job you want. Blaming others takes up a lot of mental energy, which you should instead be using to do an internal audit of why things aren’t working out the way you want- and what steps you can take to make progress.3. You’re settling for a mediocre status quo.This is an especially insidious kind of failure. You’re comfortable enough, have a job that pays your bills, but you’re not really going anywhere. It’s settling for the good-enough-right-now, at the expense of what is good for you in the future.What to do about it: Do things that scare you a little (within reason). You don’t have to go busting every piece of your status quo right now, but if you start by doing one thing every week that is outsid e your comfort zone, you’ll likely find that â€Å"status quo† expanding around you. Take on a project that is a bit of a stretch. Take a class in a new skill. Apply for that reach job. If you find yourself hesitating, ask yourself why, and what you have to lose if you go for it. And if the answer isn’t â€Å"it’s physically dangerous† or â€Å"this will cause a divorce,† then consider moving forward with it after all.4. You don’t have the resources or education.If you avoid applying for jobs because you don’t have the necessary skills, experience, or education, that feeling of failure may creep in while you’re browsing job openings. It’s hard not to feel like a failure if all you can see are closed doors.What to do about it: Take a class! Going for a new degree (or completing an old one) just may not be feasible for everyone, but there are often ways to get around the traditional â€Å"going back to school† model. For skill-building, sites like Lynda.com offer free or relatively inexpensive courses you can take on your own time. There are also many universities and colleges that offer part-time degree programs, or non-degree courses online. There are so many ways to stay academically active and keep learning, even when time or money is tight.5. You’re avoiding hard truths.Facing reality is hard. That’s why we have 8 million things to distract our attention at any given time. Cat videos, TV, social media- we all have ways of decompressing and avoiding reality for a while. Those are all temporary, though. Ultimately you’ll have to think about new and different ways of doing things, or facts that make you uncomfortable. If you’ve been avoiding thinking about your professional future because it might lead to uncomfortable realizations about the choices you’ve made and the ones you will need to make in the future, then you’re setting yourself up f or failure.What to do about it: Time for a little self-audit. Where are you in your career, what’s keeping you in it, and where do you want to be in five years? This is an exercise just for you- no one else will see or judge, so it’s important to be extremely honest about what you have, and what you want.6. You think you’re too old to make changes.We often pick our career paths pretty early in life, based on what we want to study in college, or what we think we’d be good at doing when we’re 18. And think about it: how well do many of the life decisions you made when you were 18 still hold up? How many of your hobbies and interests are the same? You’re not locked into a career that you chose because it seemed like a good idea at the time. As you change, you’re never too old to change your professional path.What to do about it: If you feel stuck in a path that doesn’t interest you anymore, think about making a change- no matter h ow significant. Think about what it is you want to be doing, and start doing real research into what it would take- like education, certification, or skills. These are all things you can work on in the meantime, before you make any big moves.7. Your fear of failure has you pinned down.Failing because you fear failure? Is that a thing? Yes, yes it is. It’s possible to back right into failure while you’re on guard against it, avoiding risky changes or proactive steps that could result in failing. This kind of failure is sneaky, because it comes right from the place you thought you were watching.What to do about it: Don’t be afraid to be bad at something, or to make a bad decision once in a while. Failure can actually be one of the great learning experiences, painful though it may feel in the meantime. By letting fear of failure paralyze you, it can kill your career progress. Your professional life thrives on both your successes and your failures.8. You’re o verestimating your abilities.Full disclosure: I’m failing at being a ballet dancer. This is because I am the biggest klutz ever, I don’t have the right body type, and†¦oh yeah†¦I have very few ballet skills. So Misty Copeland’s title is probably safe. But if I expected to be a ballet dancer at this point in my career, I’d be making a fatal assumption that I could be one in my current state. It’s one thing to be confident in the abilities you have, but another thing entirely to be confident that you’ll be good at something without the education or skills to back it up. This kind of mindset lets you get comfortable in the idea that you don’t need to learn or do new things, because you’re the best the way you are.What to do about it: Embrace your strengths, work on your weaknesses, and accept the need to be realistic about what you can do.9. You’re not setting realistic goals.If you’re not planning your car eer in a realistic way, of course you’re going to feel like a failure- you set it up that way yourself. Going from entry level to CEO in two years was never going to happen.What to do about it: Time to set up some SMART goals. That’s Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-Based. Setting these career goals both in the short-term (say, for the next year) and the long-term (five years or beyond) will help you make progress that you can quantify. There are lots of apps and tools you can use to help you, but don’t underestimate the power of a good old-fashioned checklist, and the smug, well-earned sense of satisfaction you get as you check something off the list.If you feel like you’re failing, it’s never too late to stop, figure out why, and start taking concrete steps out of the muck. Understanding why you’re failing is the most important first step you can take.

Reflective Report includee 2 tasks M Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Reflective Report includee 2 tasks M - Essay Example I also expected to combine work and study in order to finance my personal needs, acquire valuable work experience as well as improve my professional network. I have learned how to live in a multicultural environment since I came to the UK even though there were a lot of challenges in adapting to the life in UK. I have also become a more sociable and confident person from interacting with individuals from diverse backgrounds. I have been exposed to different experiences and cultures of which I wouldn’t have if I was not in the UK. Before I came to the UK I was very shy unlike now. It was not easy for me to make major decision all by myself but the experience here has made me more independent. Among the things I have learnt at Greenwich is how to combine both the theoretical and practical aspects of my studies in real life situations. This has been very helpful to me since theory doesn’t always aid one in getting a placement, an internship or a job. Given that English is not my first language, communication proved quite an uphill task for me at first but I eventually had to learn how to use it fluently. I have learnt to improve my English by wide range of educative books such as those which target international student learning English. This was very useful in the beginning since English in such books is written in a manner that is somewhat simplified. This made it easy for me to learn and understand English. I also sharpened my skills by frequently watching English TV episodes. This made learning more fun. I also engaged in discussions with my fellow student. This improved my communication skills since I can now confidently express myself in English. Since I started learning at the Greenwich University, my study skills have greatly improved. I have learnt to always prepare for my classes at the most appropriate time. For classes that involve recitation, I spend time making questions regarding previous recitation, brushing up on the

Islamic and Western Civilizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Islamic and Western Civilizations - Essay Example However, there is a section of the academic community that has opposed the clash theory from the start and continues to attack it as having proceeded on the wrong premise. This paper assessed the rationale and validity of Huntington's thesis and evaluated the logic of the arguments lined up by critics against it. The new world order seen by Huntington (1996) after the Cold War, in which the bloodiest clashes will occur between Islam and the West, is actually prefigured by events in early history that included the European forays of Islamic forces in Europe. Troops carrying the Islamic flag supposedly attacked the Ottoman Turks in Vienna and parts of Eastern Europe and conquered but were later repulsed from Iberia. In effect, there had always been an ideological conflict between Islam and Christianity, on which Western civilization is based, because of the universal belief that one's religion is always better than the others. For this reason, followers of one religion seek to convert others and this becomes the source of conflicts. Huntington in his book Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order indicated that through the years, as Western countries prospered and outpaced other regions that practice non-Christian religions, the concept of universalism acquired more than religious meaning in the West, which began to believe that all civilizations should adopt Western values. This is perceived to be the underlying reason behind the US invasion of Iraq and its continued presence in that Muslim country. This becomes a source of great resentment for Muslims, especially the Islamic fundamentalists. All these historical and modern factors combined have led and would farther lead to bloody clashes between the Islamic and Western civilizations. Among the more recent expressions of such anti-Western resentment were 9/11, the Afghanistan-Iraq conflict, and the Israeli-Hizbollah-Lebanese wars in 2006. Fault Line Wars In Huntington's view, conflicts between different civilizations manifest itself in two forms - fault line conflicts and core state conflicts. Fault line conflicts are those that occur between neighboring states belonging to different civilizations or within states that are home to populations from different civiliz